Do you know what the Singularity is? It?s that apocryphal-unless-it-happens sci-fi-like event, championed by Ray Kurzweil, in which humans and machines merge and we as a species are forever transformed. None can say whether the the artificial mind and the real mind will become as one, but we?re making advances in that direction every day. Now bioengineers at Stanford University have made transistors from genetic materials in lieu of the semiconducting materials normally used. A nice big step toward Singularity.?Biological computers!
It starts with the transistor, the primary building block of the digital world and the reason we have cars, phones, and video games.
Published in Science, this new development?is the work of postdoctoral scholar of bioengineering?Jerome Bonnet and his team. They?re calling their bio-transistors ?transcriptors,? and they?re made from DNA and RNA. ?Transcriptors are the key component behind amplifying genetic logic,? says Bonnet.
This means engineers can compute inside living cells, giving them the ability to monitor what goes on around them or even toggle on and off cell reproduction. Transcriptors determine the flow of a specific protein or RNA polymerase (RNA-producing enzymes) in a strand of DNA, like electrons through a wire.
In electrical engineering, there is something called a logic-gate, another of the building blocks of a computer, which uses Boolean logic ? a system of 1s and 0s which represent on or off, open, or closed. Bonnet?s paper says their transcriptors have their own biological version, which they?re calling ?Boolean Integrase Logic? (?BIL gates? for short), and these are the third and final component of a complete biological computer.
So what?s the use of logic? Bonnet said the possibilities for logic are as endless in a biological setting as in electronics:
?You could test whether a given cell had been exposed to any number of external stimuli ? the presence of glucose and caffeine, for instance. BIL gates would allow you to make that determination and to store that information so you could easily identify those which had been exposed and which had not.?
The team used very specific enzyme combinations to control the flow of enzymes through DNA. ?The choice of enzymes is important,? he went on to say. ?We have been careful to select enzymes that function in bacteria, fungi, plants and animals, so that bio-computers can be engineered within a variety of organisms.?
As a fan of fungi, that?s intriguing to me! Computer toadstools are hopefully the future. Maybe.
But seriously, the application of this technology is wide open and Bonnet is happy to share his team?s work with the public:
?Most biotechnology has not yet been imagined. Let alone made true. By freely sharing important basic tools everyone can work better together.?
All right, so there won?t be any synthetic people walking around anytime soon, but it may not be too long before bio-computers can keep an eye on our insides and make sure we?re doing all right. How thoughtful!
(Stanford University via?Science Daily, images courtesy of imgfave.com, and ?DS on Flickr)
SIOUX FALLS, S.D. (AP) ? Kiss frontman Gene Simmons made a surprise appearance at a Sioux Falls benefit concert Saturday, where he spoke of music's power to positively shape children's lives.
Simmons's appearance came on the final day of a week of concerts to benefit the music academy for Sioux Falls Boys & Girls Clubs members.
"This is about kids. We've had our chance. We've got to give them a chance. Anything that gets them off the street is a good thing," Simmons said.
Music, Simmons said, is self-empowering.
"It doesn't matter if you become a star. If you don't believe in yourself and get up on stage, everybody is watching. You can feel the power ... and it helps you get through life, especially when you're impressionable."
He said getting involved in music ? whether it's learning to play an instrument or sing karaoke ? improves social skills, too.
Motley Crue singer Vince Neil was also at Saturday's show, and he, too, expounded on the positive benefits of music.
"Say you finish your first song, it could be 'Mary Had a Little Lamb,' it doesn't matter, but at least it's something you've played," Neil said. "And I think for kids, they could go into a whole other direction because they accomplished something."
Neil said he was 10 when he first started taking guitar lessons.
"I was terrible," he said laughing. "That's why I'm not a guitarist. I went into the other direction."
___
Follow Kristi Eaton on Twitter at http://twitter.com/kristieaton .
SAN PEDRO CUTUD, Philippines (AP) ? Devotees in villages in the northern Philippines took part in a bloody annual ritual to mark Good Friday, a celebration that mixes Roman Catholic devotion and Filipino folk beliefs and sees some reenact the crucifixion of Jesus Christ.
The crucified devotees spent several minutes nailed to crosses in Pampanga province while thousands of tourists watched and took photos of the spectacle, which the church discourages. Earlier in the day, hooded male penitents trudged through the province's villages under the blazing sun while flagellating their bleeding backs with makeshift whips. Others carried wooden crosses to dramatize Christ's sacrifice.
Devotees undergo the hardships in the belief that such extreme sacrifices are a way to atone for their sins, attain miracle cures for illnesses or give thanks to God.
Alex Laranang, a 58-year-old vendor who was the first to be nailed to a cross Friday, said he was doing it "for good luck and for my family to be healthy."
It was the 27th crucifixion for sign painter Ruben Enaje, 52, one of the most popular penitents from San Pedro Cutud village. He began his yearly rite after surviving a fall from a building.
Enaje screamed in pain as men dressed as Roman soldiers hammered stainless steel nails into his palms and feet. A wireless microphone carried his voice to loudspeakers for everyone watching to hear.
His cross was raised and he was hanged there for several minutes under the searing afternoon sun before the nails were pulled out and he was taken on a stretcher to a first aid station.
"It's intriguing and fascinating what makes people do something like this, how you can believe so much that you make yourself suffer to that extent," said Dita Tittesass, a tourist from Denmark.
Remigio de la Cruz, the chief of San Pedro Cutud village, explained that the practice began in his village in the 1950s.
Archbishop Jose Palma, president of the Catholic Bishops Conference of the Philippines, told the church-run Radio Veritas that the practice is "not the desire of Jesus Christ."
"We are aware that this has been practiced long before ... but we still hope that this will not be done any more," he said. "We should all concentrate on prayers."
_____
Associated Press writer Oliver Teves contributed to this from Manila.
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#1 ? IL2000?
Group:Members
Joined:17-December 11
Posted Today, 09:04 AM
Quote
@TheRecruitScoop: A source tells me that Malick Kone is transferring out of Rutgers & Ibby Djimde is transferring out of Illinois.
It begins...
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#2 ? Blessd24?
Group:Members
Joined:25-November 12
Posted Today, 09:06 AM
?IL2000, on 29 March 2013 - 09:04 AM, said:
This one doesnt bother me.
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#3 ? feartheillini?
Group:Members
Joined:01-August 08
Posted Today, 09:11 AM
To be honest, it does bother me in that Ibby is a guy who's just looking for an education. I know he doesn't help our team, but it would have been nice to get him academic schollies so he could get his UI degree.
Maybe he should just drop hoops and try to stay at Illinois with some combination of aid.
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#4 ? BleedOandB11?
Group:Members
Joined:29-August 11
Posted Today, 09:22 AM
Good. Get rid of another one of Weber's mistakes.
I hope he lands on his feet and gets his education but he should never have been offered a basketball scholarship.
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#5 ? illinicalvin?
Group:Members
Joined:20-January 10
Posted Today, 09:32 AM
feartheillini, on 29 March 2013 - 09:11 AM, said:
To be honest, it does bother me in that Ibby is a guy who's just looking for an education. I know he doesn't help our team, but it would have been nice to get him academic schollies so he could get his UI degree.
Maybe he should just drop hoops and try to stay at Illinois with some combination of aid.
Do we have any basis for believing the "just for the education" line? B/c I remember hearing that CJ Jackson was just "happy to be on the team," and then he went to the football team, an NAIA school in Hawaii and now he's at his 4th stop in Europe. Obviously, he had more of a drive to play basketball than anyone at Illinois claimed.
Ibby may want to play basketball, but it's clear Illinois isn't going to be the place regardless. Djimde was a big reach by Weber, a recruit who was taken because there was a present concern on the team with "toughness" and Weber had a sincere desire to damage class balance and stack guys 4-deep on certain depth chart slots.
I wish him well, but it's probably for the best for both parties.
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#6 ? Jerry519?
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Joined:01-August 08
Posted Today, 09:33 AM
The kid never played here---he should transfer where he can.
0
#7 ? Tempo34?
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Joined:01-August 08
Posted Today, 09:36 AM
Wishing him well. Hope he finds a place he can get some court time.
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#8 ? feartheillini?
Group:Members
Joined:01-August 08
Posted Today, 09:38 AM
illinicalvin, on 29 March 2013 - 09:32 AM, said:
Do we have any basis for believing the "just for the education" line? B/c I remember hearing that CJ Jackson was just "happy to be on the team," and then he went to the football team, an NAIA school in Hawaii and now he's at his 4th stop in Europe. Obviously, he had more of a drive to play basketball than anyone at Illinois claimed.
Ibby may want to play basketball, but it's clear Illinois isn't going to be the place regardless. Djimde was a big reach by Weber, a recruit who was taken because there was a present concern on the team with "toughness" and Weber had a sincere desire to damage class balance and stack guys 4-deep on certain depth chart slots.
I wish him well, but it's probably for the best for both parties.
Good point, I'm just projecting based on blurbs and I shouldn't have done that. Good post.
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#9 ? Lkdog?
Group:Members
Joined:02-February 11
Posted Today, 09:52 AM
feartheillini, on 29 March 2013 - 09:11 AM, said:
To be honest, it does bother me in that Ibby is a guy who's just looking for an education. I know he doesn't help our team, but it would have been nice to get him academic schollies so he could get his UI degree.
Maybe he should just drop hoops and try to stay at Illinois with some combination of aid.
Wish the kid all the best. I am confused, though. Was Weber and staff under the understanding that he just wanted a degree and all agreed he was not a high D1 player?
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#10 ? sidra1968?
Group:Members
Joined:20-December 10
Posted Today, 09:54 AM
This makes me a bit sad for him, but that is what needed to be done. It'll probably work out just fine for him in the end. I'm sure he'll remember his good times here.
Good luck Ibby!
Ultimately what I'll remember about him was when I would have my young niece go over the yearly b-ball poster to learn the guys names before the season started, of course "Ibby" was a favorite!
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#11 ? Winthiscentury?
Group:Members
Joined:25-October 08
Posted Today, 09:58 AM
I really don't think there is going to be the attrition that people think there is going to be. I think that this one was a no brainer. The young man under no circumstances was going to see any court time.
The others that have been discussed, Henry and Shaw, I don't know. I see Henry staying. Next year, we don't have anybody else like him on our roster, less maybe....Hill? He has to know that as a Junior that has produced, he has a GOLDEN opportunity to take the bull by the balls and be a major, major contributor next year on a team that is going to sorely lack scoring threats, at that position, from the perimeter. Now, he'll have to put the time in and I'm sure Groce is clear about that, but I'd be pretty surprised if Groce was nudging him out the door. The guy has shown that he is a talent, shooting and rebounding the basketball.
That moves us to Shaw. My issue with him is that he doesn't look overly athletic. That said, with McLauren gone, who else on this roster has the body to at least clear people out. McLauren didn't do much offensively, but he at least cleared space. Isn't that all we'd be looking for out of a guy like Shaw? There is no way that you can leave that job to a Freshman. I don't care what people think of Morgan or Colbert, but you just don't run a legit 6'8" player off the team, who did see some time here and there, in favor of two unproven commodities.
The wild card is the success this team had. Maybe, just maybe, these kids had fun last year and want to be part of a rebuilding process? Maybe that have relationships with some of the kids coming in? Maybe they like the coaching staff and the school?
Djimde(sp?), is an out of state guy who it makes sense that he move closer to home to surround himself with family, friends and find a fit. I'm not so sure that the, what will be Juniors next year, are going to be pushed out or will want out. I'm not so sure we all aren't rushing to judgement.
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#12 ? IL2000?
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Joined:17-December 11
Posted Today, 10:00 AM
Hardly anyone has mentioned Henry as a transfer possibility. Langford is a way more likely candidate.
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#13 ? Winthiscentury?
Group:Members
Joined:25-October 08
Posted Today, 10:03 AM
Lkdog, on 29 March 2013 - 09:52 AM, said:
Wish the kid all the best. I am confused, though. Was Weber and staff under the understanding that he just wanted a degree all agreed he was not a high D1 player?
I think they truly believed that they thought this guy was going to come in and basically do what McClauren did. Get some minutes, provide toughness, be active on both boards and provide a big body that would help them match up better with the MSU's and Wisconsin's of the world.
Weber was a big fan of going after the under the radar, work-a-holic, all out effort guys. Chester Frazier is his kind of guy and that is the kind of guy he can coach. I think that's what he sees in guys like Ibby, Mike Davis, the kid from Crete, etc...Unfortunately, it doesn't translate real well when putting together a high D-1 program.
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#14 ? spark mandrill?
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Joined:24-December 09
Posted Today, 10:06 AM
?IL2000, on 29 March 2013 - 10:00 AM, said:
Hardly anyone has mentioned Henry as a transfer possibility. Langford is a way more likely candidate.
I don't know how realistic it is or was, but Myke Henry has been a prominent name in almost every transfer thread for the past two years.
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#15 ? Winthiscentury?
Group:Members
Joined:25-October 08
Posted Today, 10:11 AM
IL2000, on 29 March 2013 - 10:00 AM, said:
Hardly anyone has mentioned Henry as a transfer possibility. Langford is a way more likely candidate.
Again, Langford sat out his Freshman year and redshirted. He still has three years of eligibility. He has a huge opportunity next year as well. Now, if he gets buried on the depth chart next year, I'd put him in the Djimde category after next year, but he had to know his minutes were going to be limited last year given the roster.
As a reshirt Junior, I'm not sure it's in his best interest to leave. I would think that with Paul, DJ and Griffey all gone, he owes it to himself to give it a real shot next year and then if it doesn't work out, transfer. This team doesn't have a bevvy of proven 6'5'' to 6'7'' swingmen. If it were you, don't you think you would owe it to yourself to give it one big swing of the bat to play on this team, in arguably the best conference in the country, on TV, in front of 16,000 fans, with a known coaching staff, players you have a relationship with, knowing that the possibility still exists that you don't have to go through the whole transfer process and sit out ANOTHER year? Seems to me like it would be worth one more shot.
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#16 ? Winthiscentury?
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Joined:25-October 08
Posted Today, 10:12 AM
spark mandrill, on 29 March 2013 - 10:06 AM, said:
I don't know how realistic it is or was, but Myke Henry has been a prominent name in almost every transfer thread for the past two years.
That is correct. He was the biggest name, due to the lack of significant playing time.
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#17 ? Tempo34?
Group:Members
Joined:01-August 08
Posted Today, 10:13 AM
?IL2000, on 29 March 2013 - 10:00 AM, said:
Hardly anyone has mentioned Henry as a transfer possibility. Langford is a way more likely candidate.
Henry has a big opportunity next year, I don't see him transferring. I kind of hope Langford doesn't either. His length and athleticism still intrigue me. With some court time he could be a player that brings some good defense and fast break opportunities. Also, he's got a younger brother that's supposed to be 5 star quality.
0
#18 ? IL2000?
Group:Members
Joined:17-December 11
Posted Today, 10:15 AM
?Tempo34, on 29 March 2013 - 10:13 AM, said:
Henry has a big opportunity next year, I don't see him transferring. I kind of hope Langford doesn't either. His length and athleticism still intrigue me. With some court time he could be a player that brings some good defense and fast break opportunities. Also, he's got a younger brother that's supposed to be 5 star quality.
Agreed. Let Shaw go and keep the rest. That would give us two more scholarships to play with for 5th year guys and 2014s.
0
#19 ? illinifighting?
Group:Members
Joined:30-March 10
Posted Today, 10:16 AM
Ibby (along with Henry and Paul) were Big Ten Academic All-American. Weber might have given Ibby a scholarship to help the team GPA. Just a thought.
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#20 ? jdubbs14?
Group:Members
Joined:25-February 10
Posted Today, 10:21 AM
I had heard Ibby was going to graduate next year anyway. But when you don't play but maybe 10 minutes the whole year it is time to go if you want to play somewhere. From what I understand even academic scholorships count toward the basketball team if a player is receiving some kind of aid. I could be wrong.
I think Shaw leave before Henry as I don't see him playing much next year either. They need at least one more to get the guys they want from the '14 class.
Saturn's rings are one of the most recognized features of the solar system, but scientists don't know how they got there. New data suggest they're older than some theories suggested.
By Pete Spotts,?Staff writer / March 28, 2013
This image of Saturn and its rings was captured by the Cassini spacecraft.
Space Science Institute/JPL-Caltech/NASA/Reuters
Enlarge
New evidence from the US-European Cassini mission to Saturn suggests a very early birth for ices in Saturn?s spectacular system of rings and moonlets, dating back to shortly after the planet itself formed.
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The results deepen a mystery that has bedeviled Saturn watchers since Galileo first spotted what later would be interpreted as rings in 1610: How did the rings form? And, more recently, what sustains the ring system?
?No one actually knows why the rings can survive for 4.5 billion years,? says Scott Kenyon, an astronomer at the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Mass. ?At the moment, we don?t have a good model? that explains this longevity.
The apparently implausible life span of the ring system has led some researchers to propose that the system didn?t form shortly after the planet did.?
Instead, it might have formed perhaps 100 million years ago. The raw material for the rings and moonlets could have come from the debris spawned by a collision between close-in moons, or between a close-in moon and a comet.
But the recent-ring scenario has had a troubled existence.?
In 2007, for example, scientists reported evidence from Cassini?s Ultraviolet Imaging Spectrometer indicating that the rings had significant age differences and that the material in the rings was constantly being recycled as moonlets collided. Some of the debris later would form into new moonlets.?
That evidence didn?t support a single, recent violent encounter between objects as a source of material for the ring system.
Now, researchers using another of Cassini?s instruments, the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS), have uncovered further evidence for this recycling as they have mapped changes in the composition of the ring material and moonlets that form a 40,800-mile-wide band around the planet.
Perhaps more important, Cassini has uncovered far more water ice in the system than comets could deliver.
The system ?is very ice rich,? says Bonnie Buratti, a researcher at NASA?s Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, Calif., and a member of the VIMS team.
To Dr. Kenyon, the results showing ices throughout the system speak to a primeval origin.
?All of the stuff inside the really major moons is composed of the same stuff as the major moons,? he says. ?That?s really nice to know because that tells you the rings are 4.5 billion years old.?
But that still leaves the question of longevity.
Left to their own devices, the moonlets would migrate ever farther from Saturn, leaving the ring system within perhaps 100 million years or so.
Cassini has revealed that moonlets form from material that accretes at the outer edges of the rings, explains Phillip Nicholson, an astronomer at Cornell University in Ithaca, N.Y., and a member of the team reporting the VIMS results this week in the Astrophysical Journal.
One possible solution to the conundrum would be to give the ring system more initial mass than researchers have presumed.
Modeling work by Robin Canup, a scientist at the Southwest Research Institute in Boulder, Colo., has suggested that some 2 million to 5 million years after it formed, Saturn had ? and devoured ? several moons the size of Titan, the planet?s largest existing satellite. But these other Titan-scale moons orbited too close to the planet to survive.
As they were drawn to their doom, the tidal forces Saturn exerted on the last victim stripped a thick icy crust and mantle from the moon?s rocky core. The ice broke up to begin forming a ring, while the core continued its death spiral into the planet.
Such a ring would have hosted far more mass than today?s rings do, according to the study, published in 2010.
The ring in the modeling also mimicked observed ring behaviors: losing mass over time while forming moons at the outer edges of the ring, for instance. The moons it formed were similar in mass to the icy moons out to and including Tethys.
The hope is that a knowledge of the composition of ring material and the moonlets in Saturn?s ring system will shed light on the ring-forming process.
Cassini launched as the Cassini-Huygens mission in October 1997 and began orbiting Saturn in July 2004. The following December, the spacecraft released the European Space Agency?s Huygens probe toward a successful landing on Saturn?s moon Titan. Since then, the orbiter has been touring the planet?s moons and rings, giving researchers an unprecedented look at the Saturn system.
Noted online bookstore and retailer Amazon.com is buying the excellent online books-related social network and information portal Goodreads. Well, that's a deal that makes a lot of sense. More »
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feartheillini, on 29 March 2013 - 09:11 AM, said:
